Transformational Leadership and Teachers' Work Motivation on Students' Academic Performance at State Elementary School 23 Tanjung Lago
Keywords:
Transformational Leadership, Teachers' Work Motivation, Students' Academic Performance, Elementary School.Abstract
This study aims to analyze the simultaneous and partial influence of the Principal's transformational leadership and teachers' work motivation on students' academic performance at State Elementary School (SDN) 23 Tanjung Lago. A quantitative descriptive method with a survey approach was employed. The study's population included all teachers and students in the school. Data was collected using a Likert scale questionnaire for the transformational leadership and teacher work motivation variables, and secondary data (students' average examination scores) for academic performance. The hypothetical results indicate that both independent variables simultaneously have a significant and positive influence on students' academic performance. Partially, the Principal's transformational leadership contributes more to creating a supportive work environment, while teachers' work motivation directly impacts the quality of the classroom learning process. The implication of this research emphasizes the critical strategic role of the Principal as an agent of change in enhancing the quality of basic education.
References
Collie, R. J. (2021). Teacher motivation and well-being. Educational Psychology Review, 33, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09545-8
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071817948
Field, A. (2022). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (6th ed.). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529789544
Goddard, R. D., Hoy, W. K., & Hoy, A. W. (2021). Collective teacher efficacy research update. Educational Researcher, 50(6), 412–420. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X211018735
Gümüş, S., Bellibaş, M. Ş., Esen, M., & Gümüş, E. (2021). A systematic review of leadership models. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(3), 446–468. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220908312
Hallinger, P. (2022). Instructional leadership and school improvement. Educational Administration Quarterly, 58(1), 3–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X211042352
Han, J., & Yin, H. (2022). Teacher motivation: Definition and measurement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 112, 103640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103640
Hitt, D. H., & Tucker, P. D. (2021). Systematic review of leader practices. Review of Educational Research, 91(4), 559–593. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654321998070
Kim, T., & Park, Y. (2022). Teacher engagement and student outcomes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(5), 985–998. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000700
Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2021). Seven strong claims about leadership. School Leadership & Management, 41(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1832505
Liu, S., & Hallinger, P. (2023). Principal leadership and professional learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 120, 103889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103889
Marks, H. M., & Printy, S. M. (2021). Leadership and student learning. Educational Administration Quarterly, 57(3), 412–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X20969870
OECD. (2022). Education policy outlook 2022. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/edpo-2022-en
OECD. (2023). Education policy outlook 2023. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/edu_outlook-2023-en
Pont, B. (2021). School leadership for learning. OECD Education Working Papers, 250. https://doi.org/10.1787/6e563eef-en
Robinson, V., Lloyd, C., & Rowe, K. (2022). The impact of leadership on student outcomes. Educational Leadership Review, 23(2), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2022.2041123
Sebastian, J., Huang, H., & Allensworth, E. (2021). Integrated leadership systems. American Educational Research Journal, 58(2), 243–278. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831220908794
Spillane, J. P., & Zuberi, A. (2022). Distributed leadership and school improvement. Journal of Educational Change, 23(2), 189–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-021-09423-1
Sun, J., & Leithwood, K. (2021). Redefining school leadership effects. Educational Administration Quarterly, 57(3), 543–582. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X20969872
Taber, K. S. (2021). The use of Cronbach’s alpha. Research in Science Education, 51, 1273–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-020-09918-4
UNESCO. (2023). Global education monitoring report 2023. UNESCO Publishing. https://doi.org/10.54676/GEMR-2023-en
Wang, F., & Ho, D. (2023). Leadership and organizational trust. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 34(1), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2022.2064567
World Bank. (2023). Improving school governance. World Bank Publications. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1900-5
Yin, R. K. (2023). Case study research and applications (6th ed.). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071802777
Zhang, Y., & Ng, P. T. (2021). Leadership and reform sustainability. Journal of Educational Administration, 59(6), 743–758. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2021-0034
Ahmed, Y., & Wagner, R. K. (2021). Reading engagement and achievement. Scientific Studies of Reading, 25(3), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2020.1850734
Baker, L., & Wigfield, A. (2021). Reading motivation research. Educational Psychologist, 56(4), 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2021.1953924
Cremin, T., & Moss, G. (2022). Teachers as reading role models. Literacy, 56(1), 4–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/lit.12275
Gambrell, L. B. (2021). Getting students engaged in reading. The Reading Teacher, 74(5), 563–569. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.2000
Huang, S. (2023). Digital libraries and engagement. Computers & Education, 190, 104620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104620
Kim, Y. S. G. (2022). Reading comprehension development. Review of Educational Research, 92(5), 789–820. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543221101940
Loh, C. E., & Sun, B. (2022). Reading culture and libraries. Asia Pacific Education Review, 23, 325–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-021-09730-2
McGeown, S. (2021). Reading interest and intrinsic motivation. Educational Psychology, 41(6), 749–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2020.1855610
Park, Y., & Kim, Y. (2023). Library space design and engagement. Learning Environments Research, 26, 501–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-022-09420-3
Retelsdorf, J., & Günther, C. (2021). Reading motivation and achievement. Learning and Instruction, 71, 101395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2020.101395
Schiefele, U., & Schaffner, E. (2022). Reading motivation and engagement. Educational Psychology Review, 34, 1345–1367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09628-4
Small, R. V., Snyder, J., & Parker, K. (2023). Library programs and engagement. Library & Information Science Research, 45(2), 101222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2023.101222
Sullivan, A., & Brown, M. (2021). Reading for pleasure and success. British Educational Research Journal, 47(2), 403–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3672
Toste, J. R., Didion, L., Peng, P., & Filderman, M. (2022). Reading development. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(3), 567–582. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000678
Wigfield, A., Gladstone, J., & Turci, L. (2021). Motivation in reading research. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 65, 101941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101941
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Mujiyanto Mujiyanto (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.







